They also insisted on the value of women’s maternal qualities in private and public life.Ĭlipping from The Winnipeg Evening Tribune, 11 September 1915 (courtesy University of Manitoba Libraries, Digital Collections). Suffragists advocated for the extension of suffrage to include women. One remedy was the suffrage campaign, which was led by many first-generation university graduates and female professionals in medicine, teaching and The decision to exclude all women, most Indigenous peoples ( see also Indian Act) and all Asian persons was meant to preserve white men’s citizenship and the right to rule.īy the last decades of the 19th century, Canadian women increasingly protested against discrimination in education and paid employment as well as violence against In 1885, House of Commons debates over a new federal franchise act (previously the right to vote was set by provinces) demonstrated the significance of suffrage in shaping the country. Opposition would only dissipate as suffragists successfully redefined women as legitimate public subjects and the public sphere as a respectable space
Had greater capacity for reason and that men’s potential for military service justified more rights. Exclusion from the franchise also remained acceptable to many Canadians because many women as well as men believed that men There was opposition to having independent women who were believed to be a danger to religious, ethnic or national communities. Women’s suffrage was seen as a particular threat to their national survival. As French Canadians increasingly became a minority culture among English-speaking Protestants in British North America, Producing children and preserving culture. Women were idealized as guarantors of cultural survival, who had no place in political life. The necessity of being male to vote reflected the emerging Victorian idea of placing women and men in separate spheres.
Years or upwards, being a Householder, shall have a Vote.” By the end of the century, laws across Canada mandated near-universal, white male citizenship at the federal and provincial level and explicitly excluded female voters. The British North America Act of 1867 specified that only “Male British Subject, aged Twenty-one Limited to white men and most colonies removed women’s franchise.
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By the mid-19th century, full citizenship was legally Women’s right to vote was not to last, however. Jewish women with property also voted in early Quebec elections.Ībolished in 1834, Black women and men were not officially excluded as a group from the Canadian franchise. At least 27 Kanyen’kehà:ka women from Kahnawake, Lower Canada, cast ballots in an 1825 election. There were signs of some women being able to vote in the early 19th century in British North America, notably in Lower Canada but also in the Maritimes and Canada West. Early Voting Rights and Disenfranchisement “Votes for Women” pennant (courtesy The Manitoba Museum, H9-38-198).
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